An Empirical Study to Evaluate AIGC Detectors on Code Content

Jian Wang, Shangqing Liu, Xiaofei Xie, and Yi Li

In Proceedings of the 39th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), 2024

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has garnered considerable attention for its impressive performance, with LLMs, like ChatGPT, emerging as a leading AIGC model that produces high-quality responses across various applications, including software development and maintenance. Despite its potential, the misuse of LLMs, especially in security and safety-critical domains, such as academic integrity and answering questions on Stack Overflow, poses significant concerns. Numerous AIGC detectors have been developed and evaluated on natural language data. However, their performance on code-related content generated by LLMs remains unexplored. To fill this gap, in this paper, we present an empirical study evaluating existing AIGC detectors in the software domain. We select three state-of-the-art LLMs, i.e., GPT-3.5, WizardCoder and CodeLlama, for machine-content generation. We further created a comprehensive dataset including 2.23M samples comprising code-related content for each model, encompassing popular software activities like Q&A (150K), code summarization (1M), and code generation (1.1M). We evaluated thirteen AIGC detectors, comprising six commercial and seven open-source solutions, assessing their performance on this dataset. Our results indicate that AIGC detectors perform less on code-related data than natural language data. Fine-tuning can enhance detector performance, especially for content within the same domain; but generalization remains a challenge.

Cite:

@inproceedings{Wang2024AES,
  author = {Wang, Jian and Liu, Shangqing and Xie, Xiaofei and Li, Yi},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)},
  month = oct,
  title = {An Empirical Study to Evaluate {AIGC} Detectors on Code Content},
  year = {2024}
}